Turkish has six cases

Turkish has six cases

A nominative case which carries no ending and five cases each with a typical ending. According to Vowel Harmony the vowels of the ending match the base word.
The endings of the cases are:

Genitive: -in/-ın/-un/-ün
The Genitive is the Case of Ownership
Accusative: -i/-ı/-u/-ü
The Accusative is the Direct Object of a Verb - it equates to - the.. - in English
Dative: -a/-e
The Dative is the Case of Movement Towards - it equates to - to., towards.. - in English.
Locative: -da/-de or -ta/-te - according to Consonant Mutation rules.
The Locative is the Case of Place - it equates to - in.. on.. at.. - in English.
Ablative: -dan/-den or -tan/-ten - according to Consonant Mutation rules.
The Ablative is the Case of Movement Away - it equates to - from.. by.. via.. - in English.

They say Turkish Grammar is very regular..?
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Turkish grammar is perfectly regular but differs in that it consists of post-positions which are suffixed directly to nouns or other parts of speech to modify their meaning.

This use of suffixes is called agglutination - literally meaning - a gluing on - this is in contrast to English which uses individual prepositions for the same reasons. Agglutination is discussed below.

Another peculiarity of Turkish is the - Rule of Vowel Harmony - where vowels can change in pronunciation and spelling to mirror the previous vowel in a word - this rule is discussed below.
Agglutination
Agglutination - "a sticking on to.."
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In English we have many words which agglutinate (extend) to form other words. If we take the simple word - argue - then we can agglutinate it to - argument - by sticking on a -ment suffix.
We can further agglutinate this word with other suffixes viz.: -ative giving argumentative - and even further to - argumentatively by adding a further -ly suffix.

This then is the way of Turkish but even the little words like - in.. from.. at.. - are suffixed to their noun - thus producing an extended word.

Then adding suffix -de - in.. on.. at.. and suffix -dan - from..

1. ev - house
2. evde - ev-de - in the house
3. evden - ev-den - from the house

Most suffixes follow the - Rule of Vowel Harmony - so there can be both an A-UnDotted Vowel Form - A I O U - and an E-Dotted Vowel Form - E İ Ö Ü - for the same suffix.

Similarly adding suffix -da - in.. on.. at..

1. oda - room
2. odada - oda-da - in the room
3. odadan - oda-dan - from the room

All these suffixes and the rules of use are explained in the pages on this web site.

» Turkish Verbs
» Turkish Alphabet
» Turkish Gender and Articles
» Turkish Word Order
» Only the Turkish people can understand the following translations :))